The results have thus far been inconclusive. While an earlier double-blind study found that a daily gram dose of inositol improved depression scores compared to people provided a placebo, the results have not been replicated elsewhere.
In addition to panic disorder, inositol may be useful in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD , attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADHD , and post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD given its effect on serotonin and dopamine levels.
There is evidence to suggest inositol can correct may metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of high blood pressure, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. A pilot study published in the International Journal of Endocrinology reported that people with type 2 diabetes given myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol daily along with their anti-diabetes drugs had a significant drop in their fasting blood glucose Another small study published in the journal Menopause suggested that myo-inositol may aid in the treatment of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
According to the research, women assigned to six months of myo-inositol supplements experienced significantly greater improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels than women provided a placebo. When treated with myo-inositol, women with metabolic syndrome experienced an 11 percent drop in diastolic blood pressure, a 20 percent drop in triglycerides, and a 22 percent increase in "good" high-density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol.
All of these values translate to an improvement of metabolic syndrome as well as a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. For this study, 20 women with PCOS were given either a placebo or 6 grams of D-chiro-inositol once daily for six to eight weeks. The results revealed that D-chiro-inositol helped treat several abnormalities associated with PCOS, including high blood pressure and elevated levels of blood fats. In addition, elevated testosterone levels consistent with PCOS-related hormone imbalances decreased by 73 percent compared to 0 percent for those given a placebo.
Generally speaking, a normalization of hormonal balances translates to an improvement of PCOS symptoms. Inositol has also been found to reduce psoriasis symptoms in people taking lithium , a drug commonly prescribed to treat bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. Depending on the usage, lithium-induced psoriasis can affect anywhere from 3 percent to 45 percent of users.
Inositol is generally considered safe in adults. Side effects, if any, tend to be mild and may include nausea, stomach pain, tiredness, headache, and dizziness. Most side effects occur with doses greater than 12 g per day. The metabolic effects of inositol may not be appropriate for everyone. Even in people with diabetes, the prolonged use or overuse of inositol may lead to hypoglycemia low blood sugar. Although there are some studies to suggest inositol may be helpful in bipolar disease , there is also concern about it possibly causing a manic or hypomanic episode.
A current NIH study is evaluating the effect of inositol hexaphosphate in subjects with bipolar disorder. There is also some concern that high doses of inositol hexaphosphate may reduce the body's ability to absorb zinc, calcium, iron, and other essential minerals, triggering a nutritional deficiency even if you're eating a balanced diet. As a dietary supplement, inositol products are not tested for safety, and its effect on pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children has not been established.
As such, it is best to speak with your doctor before trying this or any other natural remedy. Inositol supplements are sold as tablets and capsules.
The richest dietary sources of choline include 21 :. Soy lecithin is a widely used food additive that contains choline. Therefore, it is likely that extra choline is consumed through the diet via food additives. Lecithin can also be purchased as a supplement. They are also more easily absorbed than others. Some sources claim that choline in nutritional supplements may reduce body fat , but there is little to no evidence supporting these claims.
Rich food sources of choline include beef liver, eggs, fish, nuts, cauliflower and broccoli. Higher intake of choline is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease Folate and choline help convert the amino acid homocysteine to methionine.
Therefore, a deficiency of either nutrient can result in an accumulation of homocysteine in your blood. Elevated levels of homocysteine in your blood are linked to an increased risk of heart disease and strokes Although choline may lower homocysteine levels, the association of choline intake with heart disease risk is not clear 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , Choline may help reduce your risk of heart disease by lowering homocysteine levels.
However, the evidence is mixed. Choline is required to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating memory , mood and intelligence Large observational studies link choline intake and blood levels to improved brain function , including better memory and processing 35 , Supplementing with 1, mg per day led to improved short- and long-term verbal memory in adults aged 50—85 who had poor memory However, other studies on healthy people and those with dementia found no effects on memory 39 , 40 , Several animal studies suggest that taking choline supplements during pregnancy may improve fetal brain development 20 , 42 , One observational study of 1, pregnant women found that choline intake had no links to mental performance in their children at 3 years of age Nevertheless, the same study determined that a higher intake during the second trimester was associated with better visual memory scores in the same children at age 7 In another study, 99 pregnant women took mg of choline per day from 18 weeks of pregnancy to three months after pregnancy.
They experienced no benefits for brain function or memory Some evidence suggests choline may play a role in the development and treatment of certain mental health disorders. The difference between inositol, myo-inositol and d-chiro inositol. Introduction The history of inositol is a fascinating and somewhat complex story. It is also an ancient story, as inositol exists since there is life on earth.
Molecule with great stability, inositol plays key functions at biological level so important as to be considered as prebiotic molecule. What is it for? And, above all, what difference is there between myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol?
From the United States, to China, to Italy, we retrace the key steps of scientists and researchers who have studied the functions, differences and therapeutic applications of inositols since their discovery.
What is inositol? Inositol is a natural molecule found in the phospholipids of cell membranes, in the lipoproteins of the plasma and, in the form of phosphate, in the cell nucleus. Among these, however, the term inositol is generally used to refer to the most bioavailable type, myo-inositol.
In , Eisenberg and Bolden discovered that the testes were rich in free myo-inositol, as well as the seminal fluid, where the concentration is almost triple that found in plasma [1].
Difference between myo-inositol and d-chiro inositol Myo-inositol has a chemical structure similar to glucose and is involved in cell signaling. In particular, it is able to stimulate glucose uptake, promoting the decrease in blood levels.
However, although their biological functions are often confused, it is good to remember that they play different roles. It was the scientist Larner in who intuited that myo-inositol and d-chiro inositol were part of two different insulin chemical mediators. Planning to start a new supplementation regimen?
See our medical disclaimer. Join our Newsletter and get a free copy of our ebook The Encyclopedia of Nootropics. Thank you for signing up. You're now set up to receive our newsletter that will keep you up to date with the latest and greatest in nootropics! Definitions What are nootropics?
What is choline? What is inositol? Choline Production The choline-inositol-lecithin connection is unique in that it works both ways when it comes to production: the body uses choline and inositol to synthesize lecithin, but it can also operate in reverse, metabolizing choline from lecithin.
Choline and Inositol Taken together, choline and inositol are an unbeatable nootropic team.
0コメント