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Alizon and the other, anonymous reviewer s for their contribution to the peer review of this work. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Edward C.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Although virulence can be defined in a range of case-specific ways, the simplest definition is the severity or harmfulness of a pathogen. The study of genetic material recovered from microbial including viral communities in which genome sequence data are simultaneously generated for all the microorganisms present.
The reduction in numbers or elimination of pest organisms through the introduction of a pathogen. Experimental method used to identify gene function by modifying the sequence of a target gene and analysing its phenotypic consequences. Depiction of the evolutionary history of a genetically related group of organisms.
Contains branches and nodes. Infectious diseases that have recently appeared in populations or known diseases that are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Represents the number of secondary infections caused by an infectious host in an entirely susceptible population. Occurs when a change in one trait increases fitness but simultaneously reduces fitness because of its impact on another trait, thereby preventing the organism from optimizing both traits.
The initial and sometimes transient appearance of a pathogen in a new species following a host jump. Reductions, sometimes drastic, in the size of populations. They often accompany inter-host virus transmission. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages.
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They live in the 'sky islands' of North America, patches of forests surrounded by hundreds of kilometers of desert. These islands are like natural test tubes, isolated ecosystems each with its own separate fly and virus populations and limited gene flow between populations.
To understand how this virus-host pair evolves, Hill and Unckless sequenced the genomes of flies and viruses from four different populations. While the fly genomes did not show evidence of strong differences between populations, the virus genomes did. There were two distinct types of virus, one of which was a lot more effective than the other at infecting flies, possibly because it was better at blocking the fly's immune defenses.
Unexpectedly, this virus type had evolved more than once, emerging separately on at least four different occasions. Hill and Unckless suggest that the natural interactions between flies with similar genomes and the virus guide evolution down the same path time and time again.
This work on wild populations contributes to the understanding of the evolution of viruses and their hosts.
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